Development Trends of Methodological System of Teaching

Educational technology and IT act as a liaison for the education of future physics teachers. The study of technology includes forms of differentiated and individualized learning, especially the teaching of physics in classrooms of various profiles. Students, future physics teachers, should know the basics of school education and pre-profile teaching, elective courses in different directions, content, design features of programs, teaching methods and elective courses.

The system of methodological training of future physics teachers is aimed at:

• to help students to set educational goals and objectives;

• the ability to analyze modern physics teaching kits for high school, making choices in terms of their relevance to the goals of teaching physics, didactic principles and the age of students;

• Possibility of choosing and developing technologies and teaching methods, developing various models of physics lessons.

A future physics teacher should also be able to plan educational work, increase the cognitive activity of students in the classroom in order to be able to choose differentiated homework and organize optional classes for students in physics.

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Improving the content of the methodological training of future physics teachers at the Pedagogical University should be by strengthening the theoretical and methodological elements. Methodological preparation includes the choice of invariant and universal in its essence fundamental methodological knowledge and skills, the definition of a system of concepts, knowledge and skills of the school physics course. The methodological system of teaching physics in secondary school includes mastery of a generalized image of professional and methodological activity, providing many solutions to specific problems of the field.

The information content of the discipline in connection with the general goals of the bachelor's degree in "Physics", the requirements of the state educational standard of higher professional education in the relevant direction, the content and methodology of modern methods of teaching physics as an integral science.

The level of development of fundamental knowledge and teaching skills, professional and personal qualities will allow future physics teachers to solve creative problems of a methodological nature and effectively implement them in professional and educational activities.

The quality and effectiveness of professional and educational activities also depends on the level of formation of key competencies. The content of education today requires systemic knowledge, skills and methods of their implementation. The building committee is active because of a personal and individual approach to education. The presence of key competencies of future teachers is defined as learning activities, as well as in specific learning situations, actions and, of course, is fully manifested in the direct learning activities. 

Lithium-ion batteries that have achieved significant penetration into the portable consumer electronics market (for example:  suzuki batteries) and makes the transition to hybrid and electric vehicle applications, also have grid storage capabilities. If growth in the vehicle industry and in the consumer electronics market can bring improvements and production economies of scale, they are likely to find their way into the grid's energy storage systems. The developers strive to reduce operating and maintenance costs, ensure high efficiency, and ensure that large battery banks can be controlled. As an example, in November 2009, AES Energy Storage and A123 Systems announced a commercial back-up operation for a 12 MW frequency control at a substation in the Atacama Desert, Chile. Continued cost reduction, service life and state of charge are improved,

Sodium Beta High Temperature Batteries

High temperature battery technology that uses metallic sodium offers attractive solutions for many large scale energy storage applications. Application candidates include load leveling, power quality and peak load, and renewable energy management and integration. A number of sodium-based power options have been proposed over the years, but the options that have been used the longest are called beta-sodium batteries. This designation is used because of two common and important features: liquid sodium, the active material in the negative electrode, and the ceramic separators function as beta alumina as an electrolyte. The sodium / sulfur technology came into use in the mid-1970s.

Competence is characterized by the readiness and ability to solve new, practically important tasks. Competence requires the ability to assess the results of one's activities, a reflexive level in one's area of ​​competence. The concept of “core competence” of its components includes the following competencies:

• Information;

• communicative;

• engineering design;

• estimated.

Let us emphasize that the formation of these skills is one of the methods of the methodological system of teaching physics. In this article, we will look at the formation of core competencies in the field of physics using information technology.

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Modern education requires the use of methods of active activity, the use of problem approaches, teaching, taking into account the characteristics of each student, which means that the traditional system of class problems with its methods is now ineffective and insufficient.

   There is one solution to this problem is the use of information and communication technologies, the organization of creative, educational and research activities of students, with a number of advantages over paper and other technical teaching aids, namely:

1) Material presented in the form of multimedia, providing a high level of visualization, the ability to change the time scales of events, interrupts interactive models, etc.

2) Analysis, testing and correction of results.

3) Use of software environments, virtual laboratories. Modeling makes it possible to compensate for the lack of equipment and reagents, is safe and indispensable in the study of the micro- and macroworld, processes occurring at different speeds.

4) Logging into the training system with their password and login, you can create individual learning paths for each student, that is, carry out individualized training.

5) Communication through the network connects students with a teacher, external consultants, remote equipment.

Thus, the development of the key components of the methodological training of future physics teachers should provide information about the learning process, the introduction of information and communication tools, training, changing the organizational and legal form of training and contributes to the development of future physics teachers.

Scientific Studies on the Benefits of Reading

The fact that reading is useful is perceived by many as an axiom, but there are many blank spots in this statement. First, it’s not so obvious at all, because measuring the “usefulness” of reading is very difficult. Most of the conclusions about the beneficial effects of reading on humans are actually based on theoretical assumptions than actual scientific research. Distrustful citizens, in turn, notice that reading fiction does not train any skills that are important in real life, does not provide important information, and if it develops anything, it’s only imagination. There are even people who argue that reading is not only not useful, but, on the contrary, can do harm, since it “tears” a person away from reality, plunging him into imaginary worlds, and thereby makes him less socially adapted. So the benefits of reading are by no means obvious.

The second important question is the quality of the reading. Intuitively, we assume that reading the complete works of Daria Dontsova will bring you less benefit than Chekhov's shortest story. But confirming this turns out to be even more difficult than reading in general. In this post, we tried to bring together the latest research by scientists regarding the benefits that people can get from reading fiction. The selection was compiled on the basis of media materials, only those materials were selected where there is an indication of the organization that conducted the research, and at least some description of the experimental method.

Today a Reader Tomorrow a Leader

Let's start with poetry. Scientists at the University of Liverpool measured the brain activity of subjects while they read poems by Shakespeare, Eliot and other famous poets. It was revealed that reading poetry leads the brain into a state of heightened excitement, which persists even after reading is stopped. The zones associated with autobiographical memory became especially active. Additionally, scholars retell the content of the poems “in their own words”. So, reading these retellings had almost no effect on brain activity.

Researchers at Emory University in Atlanta performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on 12 students who read 30 pages of Robert Harris's historical thriller Pompeii every day. The scans showed that reading caused increased activity in the left temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with speech and cognitive abilities in the central gyrus, which is responsible for sensorimotor responses. Moreover, the excitement persisted in these areas even after a while after reading the book. Scientists have also found that readers experience the experience of "body semantization" when, in the process of thinking about an action, the configuration of interneuronal connections begins to repeat their configuration at the time of the action. For example, thoughts about swimming can lead to the formation of the same interneuronal connections,

Experts from the University of Oxford also used MRI and found that when reading a person, the same parts of the brain are activated, as when observing the scenes described in the book live. A professor at the University of Oxford, John Stein, claims: we are so "getting used" to what is happening that the brain reacts to the book in the same way as if we actually participated in what is described. In other words, the statement: “The reader lives thousands of lives” is not far from the truth.

And in 2008, researchers at Duke University found that reading could be used to treat obesity. They examined 30 obese girls between the ages of 9 and 13. One of them was offered to read the novel “Salvage Lake” - about a girl with excess weight and low self-esteem who is trying to lose weight. The second group read a book where there was no such character, and the third did not read anything at all. As a result, the decrease in body mass index in the first group was almost two times higher than the results of the second and third groups. Scientists linked this to the effect of reading on girls' motivation. The benefits of reading specific literature have been confirmed in other studies.

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A team of scientists (mainly from France) led by Stanislas Dehaene compared the brain activity (using the same MRI) of illiterate people, people who learned to read in adulthood and “ordinary”, literate people from childhood. It turned out that in a literate person, when recognizing text, the visual area of ​​the cerebral cortex begins to work much more intensively, the areas responsible for processing sound information are activated, and several other brain centers are simultaneously turned on. But not only this characterizes the work of the “literate brain” - even with the perception of only oral information, a literate person begins to work more intensively than an illiterate one, the phonological area starts to work and several other zones are turned on.

Researchers at Stanford University asked a group of PhDs in literature to read Jane Austin's novel while inside a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. And in different ways. At first, they read "just like that", and then they were asked to focus on analyzing the text, as if they needed to give a talk at a scientific conference. Analytical, detailed reading has been found to require a certain complex cognitive function that is usually not involved. In the transition from reading "for pleasure" to "analytical" reading, there is a sharp change in the types of nervous activity of the brain and the nature of blood circulation in the brain.

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Reading is when people install new programs in their brains.

Neurophysiologist David Lewis and colleagues have conducted a study on how different types of activity can help relieve stress. A group of volunteers was put into a state of stress, and then offered to relieve this stress using one method or another. It turned out that reading is the most effective anti-stress. Six minutes of reading was enough to relax the muscles and normalize the heart rate. Reading has bypassed methods such as listening to music, drinking tea, and walking.

The American researcher Robert Wilson and a group of scientists have been observing a group of almost three hundred elderly people (an average of about 89 years) for 6 years. And after the death of the subjects, their brains were examined for pathological changes. It turned out that people who read more than average throughout their lives were 32% less likely to have memory problems, while people who did not read at all lose memory 48% faster than those who devote an average amount of time to this activity. ...

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Now let's move on to some unexpected research. Contrary to popular belief, staff at the University of Toulouse have proven that reading while eating is not only not harmful, but, on the contrary, is beneficial! For those people who do not part with a book at the table, food is absorbed much better than those who watch TV. During reading, a person chews food more slowly, as a result of which food enters the stomach in a more crushed form and is well saturated with digestive juices.

Reading is good for constipation

Scientists at the Nyurberg Academy of Moral and Physical Health came to an even more exotic conclusion. It turns out it's helpful to read on the toilet. Especially for those who suffer from constipation. The text distracts the reader from his own experiences, and an exciting plot has a beneficial effect on the contraction of the intestinal walls, so the researchers recommend leaving detective stories and spy novels in the toilet.

But out of competition were sexologists from the laboratory of ejaculatory pathology at the hospital of St. Patrick. These guys have found that reading can be beneficial ... yes, during sex! It turned out that reading math books during intercourse helps to prolong sexual intercourse. To tell the truth, I will not dare to use this valuable advice, but if someone tries - write in the comments what happened.

Well, the greatest benefit from reading was revealed not by scientists at all, but by the police of Novosibirsk. In February last year, such an incident occurred in the city. A longtime "friend" of the girl, apparently decided to forcibly return her location and, threatening with a pistol, tried to drag her into his car. A friend of the girl who happened to be nearby decided to interfere and received a bullet directly in the chest. However, the bullet got stuck in the pages of the book, which was in the guy's breast pocket, which escaped with a bruise as a result.

Jes Extender Review. Does it really work?

Jes Extender: Men have for a long while wanted to have greater penises. It can be seen from the ancient cave paintings of art showing guys with gigantic dicks. Indeed, even those days, men in some African tribes bound weights to their genitalia so as to extend it. 

They want to have a greater penis has existed for a very long time and it is a basic human nature wish. If you are not interested using manual devices like extenders than exercises is the best choice but it takes long time to show the results.

The basis of a healthy lifestyle is the physical development of a person, and health directly depends on the optimal ratio of physical activity and rest. Regular exercises provide a high level of immunity, improve metabolism and blood circulation, normalize blood pressure, increase strength and endurance.

When planning physical exertion, one must start from the age and physiological characteristics of a person, take into account the state of health, consult a doctor about possible contraindications. Loads should be optimal: inadequate - ineffective, excessive - harm the body. In addition, over time, the loads become familiar and need to be gradually increased.

Their intensity is determined by the number of repetitions of exercises, the amplitude of movements and the pace of execution.

The detailed human review of is appeared first on eBookReview.Pro which you can read at

http://ebookreview.pro/does-jes-extender-actually-work/

Source : http://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry/ebookreview.pro/does-jes-extender-actually-work/

Oral thrush - Pilinfection in the Mouth

Oral thrush is one of the most common forms of thrush , a pelvic disease that can attack the skin and mucous membranes and is triggered by the yeast fungus Candida. The conception for all infections caused by this fungus is Candidose. 

Oral thrush is therefore also referred to as oral candidiasis. Pilinfection can occur on or in the mouth or in the area of ​​the throat. Often babies affected, but also in adults with weak immune systems, the infection is often observed. Read here how you can recognize and treat Mundsoor.

Forms of Candidiasis in the Mouth

Oral thrush is defined as a thrush in or on the mouth. Typically, the mouth fungus develops on the inside of the cheeks or lips. But also the throat, the tongue (tongue) or the palate may be affected.

Mundsoor can occur in different forms, whereby one form of oral thrush can also develop from another. These are the different types of thrush in the mouth and their signs:

Pseudomembranous candidiasis: white, erasable coating on reddened, inflamed mucosa

Acute erythematosis Candidosis: burning, strongly reddened mucous membrane without pads, especially on the tongue

In the most common form of oral thrush, the pseudomembranous candididosis, isolated white speckles are formed in the oral cavity, which can be easily detached. Underneath, the oral mucosa appears mostly shiny, dry and red. 

In the course of the pilin infection, larger white, creamy-looking spots are formed, which can lead to bleeding of the mucous membrane when detached. Untreated may be oral thrush on the throat, the esophagus (thrush esophagitis) or the gastrointestinal tract .

Other Symptoms of Oral Thrush

In addition to the described deposits and reddening of the mucous membrane, oral thrush - especially 

in the advanced stage - can cause further symptoms. 

This includes:

Furry or burning sensation in the mouth

dry mouth

Increased thirst

halitosis

Unpleasant or metallic taste in the mouth

Swollen lymph nodes

Difficulty swallowing or pain during eating or drinking (especially in babies or spreading on pharynx and esophagus)

Vomiting or heartburn may be associated with untreated oral thrush . 

In contrast to the mouth rot, which is triggered by the herpes simplex virus, oral thrush in children is accompanied by slight fever.

Causes and risk Factors

Causes of oral thrush are always the Candida fungi belonging to the yeast fungi, mostly Candida albicans. In many healthy people, fungi are found in the oral cavity, intestine, or skin, and are usually not damaged as long as they are kept in check by the immune system and the other microorganisms. However, if they find a gap in this body-defenses, they can multiply quickly and lead to discomfort.

Therefore, oral thrush often affects persons with a weakened immune system. This includes, in particular, babies, elderly people or persons suffering from diseases such as cancer , HIV or diabetes .

Frequent triggers of oral thrush

In babies, oral thrush is often a contagion with the mother to the cause - often infect themselves with the birth with an unnoticed vaginal fungus of the mother or later over the pacifier. Often, oral thrush occurs with babies together with Windelsoor , a soor-infection in the diaper area.

In adults, missing teeth, braces, or a bad-sitting tooth prosthesis often cause irritation to the oral mucosa. The fungi then nest under the prosthesis, for example, or enter the oral mucosa by injuries. Also smoking and a dry mouth can promote the development of oral thrush.

In addition, the long-term use of certain medicines is one of the possible triggers of oral thrush. Antibiotics , cortisone (for example in the form of cortisone spray for asthma ) and cytostatic (during chemotherapy ) the immune system or the oral flora can upset the balance and the development of fungal infection paves the way.

Diagnosis by means of characteristic symptoms

As a rule, the diagnosis of oral thrush is based on the characteristic, mostly visible symptoms, especially in small children. In addition, there is usually a questionnaire (or the parents' question) about the complaints, the accompanying circumstances and previous medical conditions. The diagnosis can be given by a dentist or dermatologist as well as by a pediatrician or general practitioner.

For a clear diagnosis a smear is usually made from the oral mucosa and examined microscopically. In addition, fungal cultures can be grown to determine the exact nature of the Candida fungus. This may be particularly necessary if the disease is not responding to a drug treatment as expected and a change of medication is considered.

In the ideal case, the doctor also clarifies where the entrance to the mushroom is located and treats the corresponding injury in the mouth. If diseases are responsible for the weakening of the immune system, these should also be treated.

Treat oral thrush

For the treatment of oral thrush, the doctor usually prescribes antifungal agents (antimycotics) especially suitable for the mouth area. Frequently, these contain the active ingredients nystatin , miconazole or amphotericin B. Often, the drugs are in the form of lozenges, gels, mouthwashes or suspensions. The agent should remain as long as possible in the mouth.

In the therapy of oral thrush, it is important to adhere strictly to the doctor's prescribed dosage of medication as well as the duration of therapy. Even if no covering is visible, the therapy must be completed as intended. Aborting may cause the fungus to return or even spread to other areas.

Experts strongly advise against the unauthorized treatment of the mouth fungus. Home remedies such as gargling with chamomile tea can aggravate the infection by further drying the oral mucosa.

Beware, contagious!

To fight oral thrush, good oral hygiene is essential. As Candida fungi are often hiding in caries affected by tooth decay, the brushing should be done particularly conscientiously during the treatment of the oral cavity. Dental prostheses, pacifiers, teats, toothbrushes or braces should be thoroughly sterilized or replaced if possible.

Be careful not to touch other people in your environment. Already a kiss or the sharing of dishes can be enough to transfer the Candida fungus or Allergy.

Oral thrush is often persistent, but can usually be treated with these measures within eight to ten days. If the pelvic disease does not go away for a longer period of time, stronger drugs are usually used.

Prevention: Hygiene is the Key

Risk groups can take various measures to prevent a mouth infection. Hygiene is of paramount importance. In concrete terms, the following measures help prevent the mouth worm:

Carriers of dentures should thoroughly clean them after each meal and make sure that the prostheses are properly seated. It is also recommended to clean these two to three times a week with the cleaning tablets provided.

In the case of immuno-compromised people (for example during chemotherapy), an anti-mycotic is often prescribed for the prevention of oral thrush.

If people are fed artificially or for other reasons their flow of saliva is greatly diminished, the nursing staff usually operates a so-called thrush and parotitroprophylaxis. This includes, for example, regular moistening of the mucous membranes of the person concerned.

For babies, pacifiers, teats and toys that are put into the mouth should be cleaned regularly and thoroughly. Remember that parental saliva can also be a potential source of infection for the child. To "clean" a falling pacifier with its own saliva, can thus even favor the infection.

Since babies often infect with Candida fungi by an undetected vaginal fungus of the mother at birth, appropriate treatment of the mother before birth can be recommended.

Breastfeeding mothers often suffer from a nourishing of the nipples (brustsoor). In order to prevent infected women from infecting their child, they should temporarily not breastfeed and may also include the baby in the treatment of the baby. Keep in mind that infection can occur in both directions.

In general, it is advisable to consult a doctor immediately in case of suspicion of oral thrush in order to prevent the spread of the fungus on the pharynx and the esophagus or contamination of other persons.